----- Land Lines
As far as I am aware Land Lines are only available from Kazakhstan Telecom; they have several office and you have to visit the one closest and responsible for your area to apply in writing for a Phone Line.
You will have to take your passport with you and complete an application form the process takes approx. 3 days; not all offices have English speaking staff so if your Russian in not very good, it best to take a Russian speaking friend with you.
I am not sure of the costs involved, but it is negligible and I know that some of my local friends tend to call Land Line to Land Line and Mobile to Mobile as apparently it is cheaper!
----- Mobile Operators
We have Tele2, Kcell and Beeline as the main operators; service is a little patchy with all of them, so you are likely to choose the one that has best coverage where you frequent the most.
There is no monthly fee as far as I am aware and you pay using cash in kiosks that are dotted all over Kazakhstan as and when you need to top-up.
Internet Access without a package is very expensive and will eat into your credit very fast; I am not sure if is it still available, but at the time I was interested in Internet Access they had a promotion for $50 which covers 12 months access - so I snipped it up fast!

I don't call many people using my direct mobile provider - but using Viber so I have no idea and so my credit seems to last for almost forever!
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I hope this helps.
Darren Thompson