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Prescription drugs are covered by all health insurance plans but there is very often a co-pay. The co-pays are usually not excessive but it can happen that there is little or no co-pay for a basic drug but a  doctor might prescribe a particular alternative that since it is not standard, will have a fairly high co-pay. Over-the-counter medications are much more restricted than in many countries. Say for aspirin or other pain relievers, cold medications, rubbing alcohol one does not need or get a prescription yet they are only sold in pharmacies for a hefty price. 

German or European brands are the majority but like many things in Germany, leading international brands might also be available. But of course not all brands even well-known ones from say the US will necessarily be available. But I have never seen any kind of shortage of any medications or of a good choice.

Despite known for regulations, alternative medicines are readily available in Germany. Drug stores have countless lotions and food supplement, vitamins etc. Even many pharmacies stock homeopathic medicines. Most such products won’t be covered by normal health insurance but there I are also  supplemental policies one can get that do cover them although details of exactly what is covered probably varies.

If you're coming from a non-EU country, you may find a big difference in non-prescription (over-the-counter) medication:
Many drugs that are freely available in other countries do need a doctor's prescription here (e.g. most pain killers stronger than Aspirin) , or are not at all available (e.g. Melatonin). Others are available, but only at registered pharmacies and vastly higher price tags (again, pain killers are an example here).
If this topic is important to you, better contact a German pharmacy (there are no trustworthy online ones!) to get the information you need!

I`m a type 1 diabetic. I`ve never had a problem getting my meds (much better than in South Africa) with a compulsory medical aid (with choice of different firms) and I found that the availability of most medicines is not a problem in DE. We live close to swiss border where all the pharma industries are. But like many nowadays we tend to also look for more natural-based medicines. They are also available, when not in a shop, then online.
I think the prices are normally standard priced. Comparing South Africa with Germany. Same companies Rosch/Norvadis/etc. Depends more specifically what type of meds would you require?